Seed Bangla Agro Is A Bangladeshi Company
Mainly Manufacture Organic Fertilizer, Seed And Organic Pesticides, and
Marketing all over Bangladesh.
Phone 088-02-01730063950 Address Sha-45/Ka,
North Badda, Dhaka Bangladesh
02.
Sony Agro Industries
Sony Agro Industries is a Agro Based Company. They
import Manufacturer Of Fertilizer. Now they are Interested To Import Distribute
Of Pesticide.
Phone +8801715146268 Address Khilgaon, Dhaka.1207
03.
L Rahman & Company
They are interested to sell Arts And Cards
Gifts, Jewelry, Native Art, Pottery, Porcelain, Ceramic Gifts; they can also supply
This With Very Competitive price. They also Can supply Jute Made Gifts Items.
And Interested To Buy Fertilizer, Pesticides, Agro Chemical
Legal Name: Optimum Trading & Engineering Ltd company
Ownership: Private Company Limited By Shares nationality: 100% Owned By Bangladeshi
Nationals registration: Incorporated Since 1990, Under Companies Act Of
Bangladesh List Of Directors: Afroza Begum/Chairperson K. M. Haque/Managing
Director Engineer
Phone 880-2-9558815/6 Address 12-13 Motijheel
Commercial Area
05.
Seed Bangla Agro Ltd
Seed Bangla Agro Ltd Is Mainly Green Energy
Based Bangladeshi Company. Their Product" Organic Fertilizer organic
Seed And Pesticides theyserve biogas
Plant Construction (Commercial)Produce Electricity From Biogas solar Panel
Setup And Waste Management.
Phone 01730063950 Address Sha-45/Ka,
Shajahan Villah, North Badda
06.
Pon Pure Chem P Ltd
As One Of The Leading Chemical Distribution And
Trading Company Having Its Corporate Office In Chennai, India.
Phone +8801755619964 Address Dhaka
07.
Sunseed Pesticides Ltd
They are a formulation many kind of pesticides
and import ,marketing company , they try all time give theirbuyerbest service and have a strong delivery time and technical person
making for good quality product.
Lacewings are available from biocontrol dealers. Predators are mainly free-living species that directly consume a large number of prey during their whole lifetime. Ladybugs,
and in particular their larvae which are active between May and July in
the northern hemisphere, are voracious predators of aphids, and will
also consume mites, scale insects and small caterpillars.
The
larvae of many hoverfly species principally feed upon greenfly, one
larva devouring up to fifty a day, or 1000 in its lifetime. They also
eat fruit tree spider mites and small caterpillars. Adults feed on
nectar and pollen, which they require for egg production.
Predatory Polistes wasp looking for bollworms or other caterpillars on a cotton plant
Dragonflies
are important predators of mosquitoes, both in the water, where the
dragonfly naiads eat mosquito larvae, and in the air, where adult
dragonflies capture and eat adult mosquitoes. Community-wide mosquito
control programs that spray adult mosquitoes also kill dragonflies, thus
reducing an important biocontrol agent.
Phasmarhabditis
hermaphrodita is a microscopic nematode that kills slugs, thereafter
feeding and reproducing inside. The nematode is applied by watering onto
moist soil, and gives protection for up to six weeks in optimum
conditions.
Other useful garden predators include
lacewings, pirate bugs, rove and ground beetles, aphid midge,
centipedes, spiders, predatory mites, as well as larger fauna such as
frogs, toads, lizards, hedgehogs, slow-worms and birds. Cats and rat
terriers kill field mice, rats, June bugs, and birds. Dachshunds are
bred specifically to fit inside tunnels underground to kill badgers.
More examples:
Phytoseiulus persimilis (against spider mites)
Amblyseius californicus (against spider mites)
Amblyseius cucumeris (against spider mites)
Typhlodromips swirskii (against spider mites, thrips, and white flies)
Feltiella acarisuga (against spider mites)
Stethorus punctillum (against spider mites)
Macrolophus caluginosus (against spider mites)
Parasitoid insects
Parasitoids lay their eggs on
or in the body of an insect host, which is then used as a food for
developing larvae. The host is ultimately killed. Most insect
parasitoids are wasps or flies, and usually have a very narrow host
range.
Four of the most important groups are:
Ichneumonid wasps: (5–10 mm). Prey mainly on caterpillars of butterflies and moths. Braconid wasps: Tiny wasps (up to 5 mm) attack caterpillars and a wide
range of other insects including greenfly. A common parasite of the
cabbage white caterpillar- seen as clusters of sulphur yellow cocoons
bursting from collapsed caterpillar skin. Chalcid wasps: Among
the smallest of insects (<3 mm). Parasitize eggs/larvae of greenfly,
whitefly, cabbage caterpillars, scale insects and Strawberry Tortrix
Moth (Acleris comariana). Tachinid flies: Parasitize a wide range of insects including caterpillars, adult and larval beetles, true bugs, and others.
Examples of parasitoids:
Diagram illustrating the life cycles of Greenhouse whitefly and its parasitoid wasp Encarsia formosa. Encarsia formosa A small predatory chalcid wasp which is a parasitoid
of whitefly, a sap-feeding insect which can cause wilting and black
sooty moulds. It is most effective when dealing with low level
infestations, giving protection over a long period of time. The wasp
lays its eggs in young whitefly 'scales', turning them black as the
parasite larvae pupates. Eretmocerus spp. (against white flies) Aphidius colemani (against aphids) Gonatocerus ashmeadi (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) has been introduced to
control the glassy-winged sharpshooter Homalodisca vitripennis
(Hemipterae: Cicadellidae) in French Polynesia and has successfully
controlled ~95% of the pest density.
Parasitoids are
one of the most widely used biological control agents. Commercially
there are two types of rearing systems: short-term daily output with
high production of parasitoids per day, and long-term low daily output
with a range in production of 4-1000million female parasitoids per week.
Larger production facilities produce on a yearlong basis, whereas some
facilities will produce only seasonally.
Rearing
facilities are usually a significant distance from where the agents will
be used in the field, and transporting the parasitoids from the point
of production to the point of use can pose problems. Shipping conditions
can be too hot, and even vibrations from planes or trucks can disrupt
the parasitoids.[7]
Micro-organisms
Further information: biopesticide
Pathogenic
micro-organisms include bacteria, fungi, and viruses. They kill or
debilitate their host and are relatively host-specific. Various
microbial insect diseases occur naturally, but may also be used as
biological pesticides. When naturally occurring, these outbreaks are
density-dependent in that they generally only occur as insect
populations become denser.
Bacteria
Bacteria used for biological control infect insects via their digestive
tracts, so insects with sucking mouth parts like aphids and scale
insects are difficult to control with bacterial biological control.
Bacillus thuringiensis is the most widely applied species of bacteria
used for biological control, with at least four sub-species used to
control Lepidopteran (moth, butterfly), Coleopteran (beetle) and
Dipteran (true flies) insect pests. The bacteria is available in sachets
of dried spores which are mixed with water and sprayed onto vulnerable
plants such as brassicas and fruit trees.
Fungi
Fungi that cause disease in insects are
known as entomopathogenic fungi, including at least fourteen species
that attack aphids. Beauveria bassiana is used to manage a wide variety
of insect pests including: whiteflies, thrips, aphids and weevils. A
remarkable additional feature of some fungi is their effect on plant
fitness. Trichoderma species may enhance biomass production promoting
root development, dissolving insoluble phosphate containing minerals.
Examples of entomopathogenic fungi: Beauveria bassiana (against white flies, thrips, aphids and weevils) Paecilomyces fumosoroseus (against white flies, thrips and aphids) Metarhizium spp. (against beetles, locusts and grasshoppers, Hemiptera, spider mites and other pests) Lecanicillium spp. (against white flies, thrips and aphids) Cordyceps species (includes teleomorphs of the above genera: that infect a wide spectrum of arthropods) Trichoderma species are used to manage certain plant pathogens. Trichoderma viride has been used against Dutch Elm disease, and to treat
the spread of fungal and bacterial growth on tree wounds. It may also
have potential as a means of combating silver leaf disease.
Viruses
The European Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) is seen as a major pest in Australia and New Zealand.
A viral biological control which can be introduced in order to control
the overpopulation of European rabbit in Australia is the rabbit
haemorrhagic disease virus that causes the rabbit haemorrhagic disease.
Combined use of parasitoids and pathogens
In
cases of massive and severe infection of invasive pests, techniques of
pest control are often used in combination. An example being, that of
the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, family
Buprestidae), an invasive beetle from China, which has destroyed tens of
millions of ash trees in its introduced range in North America. As part
of the campaign against the emerald ash borer (EAB), American
scientists in conjunction with the Chinese Academy of Forestry searched
since 2003 for its natural enemies in the wild leading to the discovery
of several parasitoid wasps, namely Tetrastichus planipennisi, a
gregarious larval endoparasitoid,Oobius agrili, a solitary,
parthenogenic egg parasitoid, and Spathius agrili, a gregarious larval
ectoparasitoid. These have been introduced and released into the United
States of America as a possible biological control of the emerald ash
borer. Initial results have shown promise with Tetrastichus planipennisi
and it is now being released along with Beauveria bassiana, a fungal
pathogen with known insecticidal properties.
Plants
The legume vine Mucuna pruriens is used in
the countries of Benin and Vietnam as a biological control for
problematic Imperata cylindrica grass. Mucuna pruriens is said not to be
invasive outside its cultivated area. Desmodium uncinatum can be used
in push-pull farming to stop the parasitic plant, Striga. Indirect
control
Pests may be controlled by biological control
agents that do not prey directly upon them. For example the Australian
bush fly, Musca vetustissima, is a major nuisance pest in Australia, but
native decomposers found in Australia are not adapted to feeding on cow
dung, which is where bush flies breed. Therefore the Australian Dung
Beetle Project (1965-1985,) led by Dr. George Bornemissza of the
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, released
forty-nine species of dung beetle, with the aim of reducing the amount
of dung and therefore also breeding sites of the fly.
Natural
enemies of insect pests, also known as biological control agents,
include predators, parasitoids, and pathogens. Biological control agents
of plant diseases are most often referred to as antagonists. Biological
control agents of weeds include herbivores and plant pathogens.
There
are three basic types of biological pest control strategies:
importation (sometimes called classical biological control),
augmentation and conservation.
Importation:
Importation (or
"classical biological control") involves the introduction of a pest's
natural enemies to a new locale where they do not occur naturally. This
is usually done by government authorities. In many instances the complex
of natural enemies associated with a pest may be inadequate, a
situation that can occur when a pest is accidentally introduced into a
new geographic area, without its associated natural enemies. These
introduced pests are referred to as exotic pests and comprise about 40%
of the insect pests in the United States.
The process
of importation involves determining the origin of the introduced pest
and then collecting appropriate natural enemies associated with the pest
or closely related species. Selected natural enemies are then passed
through a rigorous assessment, testing and quarantine process, to ensure
that they will work and that no unwanted organisms (such as
hyperparasitoids) are introduced. If these procedures are passed, the
selected natural enemies are mass produced and then released. Follow-up
studies are conducted to determine if the natural enemy becomes
successfully established at the site of release, and to assess the
long-term benefit of its presence.
To be most effective
at controlling a pest, a biological control agent requires a colonizing
ability which will allow it to keep pace with the spatial and temporal
disruption of the habitat. Its control of the pest will also be greatest
if it has temporal persistence, so that it can maintain its population
even in the temporary absence of the target species, and if it is an
opportunistic forager, enabling it to rapidly exploit a pest
population.[2] However an agent with such attributes is likely to be
non-host specific, which is not ideal when considering its overall
ecological impact, as it may have unintended effects on non-target
organisms.
There are many examples of successful importation programs, including:
Augmentation:
Augmentation
involves the supplemental release of natural enemies, boosting the
naturally occurring population. Relatively few natural enemies may be
released at a critical time of the season (inoculative release) or
millions may be released (inundative release). An example of inoculative
release occurs in greenhouse production of several crops. Periodic
releases of the parasitoid, Encarsia formosa, are used to control
greenhouse whitefly, and the predatory mite Phytoseiulus persimilis is
used for control of the two-spotted spider mite. Lady beetles,
lacewings, or parasitoids such as those from the genus Trichogramma are
frequently released in large numbers (inundative release). Recommended
release rates for Trichogramma in vegetable or field crops range from
5,000 to 200,000 per acre (1 to 50 per square metre) per week depending
on level of pest infestation. Similarly, entomopathogenic nematodes are
released at rates of millions and even billions per acre for control of
certain soil-dwelling insect pests.
The spraying of
octopamine analogues (such as 3-FMC) has been suggested as a way to
boost the effectiveness of augmentation.[citation needed] Octopamine,
regarded as the invertebrate counterpart of dopamine plays a role in
activating the insects' flight-or-fight response. The idea behind using
octopamine analogues to augment biological control is that natural
enemies will be more effective in their eradication of the pest, since
the pest will be behaving in an unnatural way because its
flight-or-fight mechanism has been activated.[clarification needed]
Octopamine analogues are purported to have two desirable characteristics
for this type of application: (1) they affect insects at very low
dosages (2) they do not have a physiological effect in humans (or other
vertebrates).[3][dubious – discuss]
Conservation
The
conservation of existing natural enemies in an environment is the third
method of biological pest control. Natural enemies are already adapted
to the habitat and to the target pest, and their conservation can be
simple and cost-effective. Lacewings, lady beetles, hover fly larvae,
and parasitized aphid mummies are almost always present in aphid
colonies.
A turnaround flowerpot, filled with straw to attract Dermaptera-species
Cropping
systems can be modified to favor the natural enemies, a practice
sometimes referred to as habitat manipulation. Providing a suitable
habitat, such as a shelterbelt, hedgerow, or beetle bank where
beneficial insects can live and reproduce, can help ensure the survival
of populations of natural enemies. Nectar-rich plants that bloom for
long periods are especially good, as many beneficials are nectivorous
during the adult stage, but parasitic or predatory as larvae. A good
example of this is the soldier beetle which is frequently found on
flowers as an adult, but whose larvae eat aphids, caterpillars,
grasshopper eggs, and other beetles. In California prune trees are
sometimes planted in grape vineyards to provide an improved
overwintering habitat or refuge for a key grape pest parasitoid. The
prune trees harbor an alternate host for the parasitoid, which could
previously overwinter only at great distances from most vineyards.
The
provisioning of artificial shelters in the form of wooden caskets,
boxes or flowerpots is sometimes undertaken, particularly in gardens, to
make a cropped area more attractive to natural enemies. For example,
the stimulation of the natural predator Dermaptera is done in gardens by
hanging upside-down flowerpots filled with straw or wood wool.
Conservation
strategies such as mixed plantings and the provision of flowering
borders can be more difficult to accommodate in large-scale crop
production. There may also be some conflict with pest control for the
large producer, because of the difficulty of targeting the pest species,
also refuges may be utilised by the pest insects as well as by natural
enemies. Some plants that are attractive to natural enemies may also be
hosts for certain plant diseases, especially plant viruses that could be
vectored by insect pests to the crop.
Naturally occurring biological controls are often susceptible to the same pesticides used to target their pest hosts.
Biological control
is a method of controlling pests (including insects, mites, weeds and
plant diseases) using other living organisms. It relies on predation,
parasitism, herbivory, or other natural mechanisms, but typically also
involves an active human management role. It can be an important
component of integrated pest management (IPM) programs. There are three
basic types of biological pest control strategies: importation
(sometimes called classical biological control), augmentation and
conservation.
Joseph Needham noted a Chinese text dating from 304AD, Records of the
Plants and Trees of the Southern Regions, by Hsi Han, which describes
mandarin oranges protected by biological pest control techniques that
are still in use today.
One of the earliest successes in the
west was in controlling Icerya purchasi, the cottony cushion scale, a
pest that was devastating the California citrus industry in the late
19th century. A predatory insect Rodolia cardinalis (the Vedalia
Beetle), and a parasitoid fly were introduced from Australia by Charles
Valentine Riley. Within a few years the cottony cushion scale was
completely controlled by these introduced natural enemies.
Damage from Hypera postica Gyllenhal, the alfalfa weevil, a serious
introduced pest of forage, was substantially reduced by the introduction
of several natural enemies. 20 years after their introduction the
population of weevils in the alfalfa area treated for alfalfa weevil in
the Northeastern United States was reduced by 75 percent.
A
small wasp, Trichogramma ostriniae, was introduced from China to help
control the European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), one of the most
destructive insects in North America, making it a recent example of a
long history of classical biological control efforts for this major
pest.
The population of Levuana irridescens (the Levuana
moth), a serious coconut pest in Fiji, was brought under control by a
classical biological control program in the 1920s.
Classical
biological control is long lasting and inexpensive. Other than the
initial costs of collection, importation, and rearing, little expense is
incurred. When a natural enemy is successfully established it rarely
requires additional input and it continues to kill the pest with no
direct help from humans and at no cost. However importation does not
always work. It is usually most effective against exotic pests and less
so against native insect pests. The reasons for failure are not often
known but may include the release of too few individuals, poor
adaptation of the natural enemy to environmental conditions at the
release location, and lack of synchrony between the life cycle of the
natural enemy and host pest.
NOTE:
Further extracts from ETC Group's recently released report, "Who Owns
Nature?" These are from the section about the pesticde industry. For the
full report: http://www.etcgroup.org/en/materials/publications.html?pub_id=707
According to the report, the world's six largest agrochemical
manufacturers, who control nearly 75% of the global pesticide market,
are also seed industry giants.
It's worth breaking this down by company.
Bayer: the world's biggest agrochemical company is also the world's seventh biggest seed company.
Syngenta: the world's second largest agrochemical company is also the world's third largest seed company.
Monsanto: the world's biggest seed company is the world's fifth largest agrochemical company.
And DuPont: the world's second biggest seed company is also the world's sixth largest agrochemical company.
All these companies are gene giants.
Weed killers (herbicides) account for about one-third of the global
pesticide market, and around 80% of GM seeds involve
herbicide-resistance.
The worldwide market for agrochemicals grew last year by nearly 10%.
Who Owns Nature? Report from ETC Group
[Extracts only]
Agrochemical Industry
World's Top 10 Pesticide Firms
Source: Agrow World Crop Protection News, August 2008
The top 10 companies control 89% of the global agrochemical market.
The worldwide market for agrochemicals was US$38.6 billion in 2007 - up
8.4% over the previous year. The top 6 companies accounted for $28.8
billion, or 75% of the total market.
Symbiotic Sales: The
world's six largest agrochemical manufacturers are also seed industry
giants. Despite sky-rocketing fuel and fertilizer costs, high grain
prices created soaring demand for commercial seeds and pesticides in
2007. After two decades of sagging sales, the world's largest pesticide
companies rebounded last year - in large part due to the subsidy-driven
boom in agrofuel crops.
In 2007 the four largest pesticide companies (Bayer, Syngenta, BASF, Dow) reported double-digit sales jumps.
Pesticide revenues are up in nearly all regions [particularly South America].
Mind the Gap: Weed killers account for about one-third of the global
pesticide market, and agrochemical giants are ratcheting up R&D on
new herbicides and herbicide-tolerant genes. Monsanto's
glyphosate-resistant (Roundup Ready) crops have reigned supreme on the
biotech scene for over a decade - creating a near-monopoly for the
company's Roundup Ready herbicide - which is now off patent.
According to Chemical & Engineering News, BASF, Syngenta, Bayer, Dow
and DuPont are competing to fill "the glyphosate gap" - a gap that's
growing fast because at least 14 weed species on five continents have
developed resistance due to massive applications of glyphosate. As a
result, farmers must employ more toxic chemicals to kill the resistant
weeds. Commonly known as the "pesticide treadmill," it's a classic case
of chasing a new techno-fix to mop up the mess of an older, failed
technology. Agrochemical giants prefer to describe the resistance
problem as a business opportunity: In the words of Syngenta's Crop
Science CEO, John Atkin: "Resistance is actually quite healthy for our
market, because we have to innovate." Company - Agrochemical Sales 2007 (US$ millions) - % Market Share
Pesticides are the substances or mixture of substances intended for
preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest. They are a
class of biocide. The most common use of pesticides is as plant
protection products (also known as crop protection products), which in
general protect plants from damaging influences such as weeds, diseases
or insects. This use of pesticides is so common that the term pesticide
is often treated as synonymous with plant protection product, although
it is in fact a broader term, as pesticides are also used for
non-agricultural purposes.
A pesticide is generally a chemical or
biological agent (such as a virus, bacterium, antimicrobial or
disinfectant) that through its effect deters, incapacitates, kills or
otherwise discourages pests. Target pests can include insects, plant
pathogens, weeds, mollusks, birds, mammals, fish, nematodes
(roundworms), and microbes that destroy property, cause nuisance, spread
disease or are vectors for disease. Although there are human benefits
to the use of pesticides, some also have drawbacks, such as potential
toxicity to humans and other animals. According to the Stockholm
Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, 9 of the 12 most dangerous
and persistent organic chemicals are pesticides. Pesticides are
categorized into four main substituent chemicals: herbicides;
fungicides; insecticides and bactericides.
1. Pesticides are substances that help protect plants against molds, fungi, rodents, and insects.
2. Pesticides help prevent crop loss and, potentially, human disease.
3. According to the Environmental Protection Agency, there are currently more than 865 registered pesticides.
4. Human-made pesticides are regulated by the U.S. Department of
Agriculture. This agency for how pesticides are applied during farming
and how much pesticide residue can remain in foods sold in stores.
5. Exposure to pesticides can happen in the workplace, through foods, and in the home or garden.
For those not exposed to pesticides at work, the risks of exposure
from eating nonorganic foods or using pesticides around the home and
garden is not clear. To date, research has not been able to prove or
disprove claims that organic food is safer than food grown using
pesticides.
FOOD AND PESTICIDES
To help protect yourself and your family from pesticides on
nonorganic fruits and vegetables, remove the outer leaves of leafy
vegetables and then rinse the vegetables well with tap water. Peel
hard-skinned produce, or rinse it with lots of warm water mixed with
salt and lemon juice or vinegar. Organic growers do not use pesticides
on their fruits and vegetables.
HOME SAFETY AND PESTICIDES
When using pesticides at home:
Do NOT eat, drink, or smoke while using pesticides
Do NOT mix pesticides
Do NOT set traps or place bait in areas where children or pets have access
Do NOT stock up on pesticides -- buy only as much as you need
Read the manufacturer's instructions and only use as much of the product as directed, in the manner directed
Store pesticides in the original container with the lid firmly sealed, out of the reach of children
Wear any protective clothing, such as rubber gloves, specified by the manufacturer
When using pesticides indoors:
Do NOT apply pesticide sprays to items or areas touched by family members, such as furniture
Leave the room while the pesticide takes effect -- open the windows to clear the air when you return
Remove or cover food, cooking utensils, and personal items from
the area being treated, then clean kitchen surfaces well before
preparing food
When using baits, clear away all other food debris and scraps to ensure the pests are drawn to the bait
When using pesticides outdoors:
Close all doors and windows before using the pesticide
Cover fish ponds, barbecues, and vegetable gardens, and relocate pets and their bedding before using pesticides
Do NOT use pesticides outdoors on rainy or windy days
Do NOT water your garden after using a pesticide -- check the manufacturer's instructions for how long to wait
Tell your neighbors if you use any outdoor pesticides
To reduce the need for pesticides to eliminate rodents, flies, mosquitoes, fleas, or cockroaches in and around your home:
Do NOT place food scraps in the garden for birds or possums.
Throw out any food left in indoor and outdoor pet bowls. Remove fallen
fruit from any fruit trees
Do NOT place piles of wood chips or mulch near the house
Drain any puddles of water as soon as possible, change birdbath
water at least weekly, and run swimming pool filter at least a few hours
each day
Keep gutters free of leaves and other debris that can collect water
Keep potential nesting places, such as wood and rubbish piles, off the ground
Outdoor rubbish bins and compost containers should be well sealed
Remove any standing water sources in the house (base of shower, dishes left in sinks)
Seal cracks and crevices where cockroaches may enter the house
Wash pets and their bedding regularly and see your veterinarian for treatment options
Parents who handle or are otherwise exposed to pesticides at work
should be careful about cleaning any residue from their skin, and
removing their clothes and shoes before entering the home or having
contact with family members. Do not buy illegal pesticides.
To know about pest management you should firstly know about what is pest? and what is management? Now I will tell you what is pest?
Pest:
A pest is a plant or animal detrimental to humans or human concerns (as agriculture and livestock production). In other word pest is an annoying or troublesome person, animal, or things that create nuisance. You can also defined pest as any unwanted and destructive insect or other animal that attacks food or crops or livestock etc.
Pest Management: Pest management refers to the regulation or management of species defined as a pest, usually because of its perceived to be detrimental to a person's health, the ecology or the economy.
1. Biological Pest Management: Biological Pest management is the management of pest through uses of natural Predators and Parasites. The point of biological pest management or any other natural pest control is to eliminate the pest with minimal harm to ecological balance of the environment in its present form. The treatment has no known negative consequences on the remaining ecology and it is safer for humans to drink.
2. Elimination of breeding grounds: Garbage and dirty things provide the food and shelter for many unwanted organisms, as well as an area where still water might collect and be used as a breeding ground by mosquitoes. Communities that have proper garbage collection and disposal have far less a problem with rats, cockroaches and other pests than those that don't. Open air sewers are ample breeding ground for various pests as well.
3. Poisoned Bait: Poisoned Bait is the common method for controlling pest population, however it is not effective when there are other food sources around, such as garbage. This method is used to manage several caterpillars such as- fruit flies, snails, crabs etc.
4. Field Burning: This method is used to kill off any insects or eggs that might be in the field area.
5. Hunting: In European country, when stray dogs and cats became too much numerous, local populations gather together to round up all animals that did not appear to have an owner and kill them. In some nations, teams of rat catchers work at chasing rats from the field, and killing them with dogs and simple hand tools.
6. Pesticides: Spraying pesticides by plane or trucks that carry the spraying equipment is a common method of pest management. Crop dusters commonly fly over farmland and spray pesticides to kill off the pests that would treat the crops. However some pesticides may cause cancer or any other serious disease and/or other health problems, as well as harming wildlife.
7. Fumigation: Space fumigation is a project that involves a structure be covered or sealed airtight followed by the introduction of a penetrating, deadly gas at a killing concentration a long period of time about 24 to 72 hours. It is an expensive method for long area.
8. Sterilization: Laboratory studies conducted with U-5897 ie. 3-choloro-1,2 propanediol attempted in the early 1970s although these proved unsuccessful. Research into sterilization bait is ongoing.
There have also several others methods for Pest management, but the above all are the best method for Pest management.
IPM it is not a meaningless word. Integrated Pest Management system is shortly called IPM.
It is the best and well known pest management system with the most economical way and with the less possible hazard to people and environment. It is the effective and environmentally sound approach for pest management. The Integrated Pest Management system is now a day’s used both agriculture and non agricultural system such as home, garden or any other kind of work place. It takes advantage of all appropriate pest management options including, but not limited to the judicious use of pesticides. The aims of these practices are to suppress pest population below the economic injury level (EIL). IPM is a sound solution for treating and controlling pests. It is incorporated by 3 basic ways: 1) Inspection, 2) Identification and 3) Eradication. IPM allows for a safer means of controlling pests. This can include controlling insects, plant pathogens and weeds. It emphasizes the growth of healthy crop with the least possible of disruption to agro-ecosystem and enhances natural pest control mechanisms. IPM is not a single pest control method but rather a series of pest management evaluations, decisions and controls. In agriculture Integrated Pest Management (IPM) is a pest control strategy that uses an array of complementary methods: natural predators and parasites, pest resistant varieties, cultural varieties, biological controls, verious physiological techniques and pesticides as a last resort. It is an ecological approach that can significantly reduce the use of pesticide.
